Showing posts with label Zambia. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Zambia. Show all posts

Tuesday, May 19, 2009

With the cash transfers, the people can decide for themselves how to meet their most urgent needs

TO BE NOTED: From Aid Watch:

"
How to help the poor have more money? Well, you could give it to them

by Laura Freschi

In 2007, people in the Western Province of Zambia lost their homes, their livestock and their crops when heavier-than-normal flash floods swept through their area. USAID’s office of disaster assistance stepped in with $280,000 worth of with seeds and fertilizer, training for farmers, and emergency relief supplies.

Two NGOs working in Zambia, Oxfam GB and Concern Worldwide, tried a different approach: they handed out envelopes stuffed with cash—from $25 to $50 per month per affected family, with no strings attached. An evaluation found that common fears about cash transfers—that the cash infusion will cause inflation in the market, that the money will be squandered, or that men will take control of the money—were unrealized.

What did people buy with the money? The list includes maize, beans, salt, cooking oil, meat, vegetables, clothes and blankets, paraffin, transport, soap and body lotion, and lots of other mundane household items. They also loaned it to friends, used it to pay back debts, purchased health care, education and transport, and rebuilt their homes. Only a very small fraction of the money (less than .5%) was spent on “unproductive” items, like liquor for the men.

Unconditional cash transfer programs can be fast and cost effective. With no technical experts’ salaries to pay, and no trans-Atlantic shipping costs for US-produced food aid, more of the cash can go straight to the recipients (in the case of the Concern Worldwide project 27% was spent on program administration, while 73% was distributed in the cash transfers.)

Cash transfers also acknowledge that poor people are capable of making good economic decisions without the help of outside experts armed with needs assessment checklists. An evaluation of another Oxfam cash transfer program, this one in Vietnam (summary here), found that villagers made sophisticated investment decisions, choosing whether to invest in seeds and fertilizer, family coffins and tombs, cows and buffalo, home improvements, debt repayment, and /or community roads.

As Duflo and Banerjee document in their study on the economic lives of the poor, the rich often assume that poor people have few choices about where to spend their money. And this notion allows aid agencies to assume the paternalistic role of decision-maker for the poor. Yet Duflo and Banerjee note that subsistence accounts for a lot less than 100 percent and the “poor do see themselves as having a significant amount of choice.”

Cash transfers have plenty of potential drawbacks, as these studies also point out. Handing out large amounts of cash comes with its own set of logistical hurdles and could invite theft or corruption. And what if this approach puts women and children at a disadvantage, while men take and spend the cash? There are improvements to be made, in targeting the right population, and equipping people with better tools (like financial training and savings accounts) to help them make the most of the money. Two studies by Innovations for Poverty Action and the Poverty Action Lab at MIT in Morocco and Indonesia (both ongoing) should shed more light on when and how cash transfers can be most effective. (See also studies collected by the UK-based Overseas Development Institute).

When USAID provides blankets, seeds and fertilizer to flood victims, they are doing their best to decide for the victims what their most urgent needs are. With the cash transfers, the people can decide for themselves how to meet their most urgent needs. This gives people who have lost their livelihoods, belongings or loved ones a new feeling of control over their lives, builds money-management skills, and restores to them their power to make economic decisions. If you were in their shoes, which would you prefer?

Thursday, April 30, 2009

God in His own wisdom gave you DRC as your country, and God is no longer in the process of creating more countries

TO BE NOTED: From Irin:

"
ZAMBIA-DRC: Free trip back home only 'til December

Photo: Nebert Mulenga/IRIN
Rosta Kafwimbi wants to harvest her entire maize crop before returning home
KALA REFUGEE CAMP, 30 April 2009 (IRIN) - Thousands of Congolese who sought refuge in Zambia during years of fighting in their country have been warned that they have until the end of December to get a free trip back home.

Most refugees are reluctant to return to the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), saying they feel it is not safe to go back because fighting continues in some parts of the country; others are waiting to harvest their maize crops in the two refugee camps, Kala and Mwange, where they are living in northern Zambia.

But the Zambian government seems to be losing its patience with the Congolese refugees. "God in His own wisdom gave you DRC as your country, and God is no longer in the process of creating more countries," Misheck Bonshe, Zambia's deputy minister of the interior, told refugees at Kala camp in Luapula Province, northern Zambia, this week.

"All the problems which made you leave your beautiful country are now over, and the safety of your return has now been guaranteed. Your own government has made arrangements for your safe return. You can no longer continue to stay in camps; this country belongs to Zambians."

''All the problems which made you leave your beautiful country are now over, and the safety of your return has now been guaranteed''
Years of armed conflict in the vast, mineral-rich former Belgian colony forced thousands of Congolese to flee to neighbouring countries, but few have been upbeat about going home even though relative peace has returned to their country.

Zambia houses 45,307 Congolese refugees; of these, 28,591 reside in camps and settlements, 1,716 in urban areas, and an estimated 15,000 are self-settled. A total of 7,323 Congolese refugees were repatriated during 2007, and a further 9,692 went home in 2008.

In January 2009, about 18,549 camp-based Congolese refugees expressed willingness to repatriate, prompting the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) to launch the final phase of the repatriation programme, which is expected to begin on 9 May 2009 and end in December. But, with barely a week before the project kicks off, only 129 have registered.

Bonshe said the Zambian government would close the two camps in northern Zambia, housing a total of 25,095 Congolese refugees from the Katanga Province districts of Tanganyika and Haut Katanga, in 2009.

He warned that the refugees who chose to remain and were still in Zambia by the end of the repatriation programme would lose protection and be subjected to the country's immigration laws, and would then be dealt with as illegal immigrants.

Zambia's immigration laws require any person wishing to settle in the country after being stripped of their refugee status to possess a professional qualification and obtain a work permit, but Bonshe said most of the refugees in the camps had no professional qualifications.

Anderson Nakaya, 42, a Congolese refugee, has lived in Zambia since Kala camp opened in 2000 and earns a living making reed mats, which he sells in the camp and the surrounding host community for US$2 each.

"Why I wouldn't want to go back to Congo? First, I don't know whether there is a market for my products there, and also I have heard many rumours of fighting in my country. My family is afraid - I have five children, all born in Zambia, and I wouldn't like them to go through what I went through when escaping to come here," Nakaya told IRIN.

Another Congolese refugee, Rosta Kafwimbi, a mother of four, said she was waiting to harvest her maize crop. "We have been staying well, we are well-fed and we have not experienced a problem, but we have to go; I am only waiting to finish my maize harvest, then I go ... Maybe in October we will be gone."

Derrick Fee, head of the European Union delegation in Zambia, a major donor to the refugee repatriation programme, told camp residents: "We are going to fund the repatriation only for a limited time and if you are to benefit, you must act within this limited time."

At the peak of Zambia's hospitality in the 1990s, the country accepted about 300,000 refugees fleeing the Angolan civil war and conflicts in the Great Lakes region. This number has dropped to about 86,000 - of which about 56,000 live in settlement camps - since the repatriation of Congolese, Rwandese and Angolan nationals began.

Congolese make up the majority of refugees (over 45,000) in Zambia, followed by Angolans (27,000) with the remainder being from Rwanda, Burundi and Somalia. "


Reference map of Zambia

Map of 'Reference%20map%20of%20Zambia'

  • Source(s):
    - United Nations Cartographic Section

Wednesday, March 25, 2009

Flood waters over the affected regions of Senanga, Shang´omeo, Kalaeo & Lukulu, Zambia

TO BE NOTED: From Reuters:

"Flood waters over the affected regions of Senanga, Shang´omeo, Kalaeo & Lukulu, Zambia
25 Mar 2009
Source: UNOSAT
Reuters and AlertNet are not responsible for the content of this article or for any external internet sites. The views expressed are the author's alone.
Previous | Next
This map illustrates satellite-detected flood waters over the affected regions of Zambia as of 8 & 20 March 2009. Flooded areas have been sorted into 3 classes: Flood waters detected only on the 8th (indicating a decrease in flood waters); only on the 20th (indicating a rise in flood waters); and on both the 8th and 20th of March 2009 (indicating stable flood water levels). The rainfall estimate was derived from the Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission (TRMM) precipitation dataset at a spatial resolution of approximately 25km for this region. This flood detection is a preliminary analysis & has not yet been validated in the field. Map scale for A3: 1:850,000; Projection - UTM Zone 34 South WGS 1984.

Radar Data : ENVISAT ASAR (WSM)
Radar Resolution : 150 m
Radar Dates : 8, 20 March 2009
Copyright : ESA 2009
Source: ESA-Cat1 (Respond Project)
Rainfall Data: TRMM-NASA
Rainfall Dates : 16 Feb.-22 March 2009
Road Data : UNJLC-UNSDIT
Flood Analysis : UNOSAT
GIS Data : USGS, NGA, UNJLC, SALB, ESRI
Map Production : UNOSAT (20 March 2009) "

Tuesday, March 24, 2009

Heavy rains have continued to pound the upper reaches of the Zambezi in western Zambia, southeastern Angola and northeastern Namibia.

TO BE NOTED: From ReliefWeb:

"
Namibia/Zambia: Food insecurity looms as floods swallow crops


JOHANNESBURG, 24 March 2009 (IRIN) - As the water level in the upper Zambezi River continues to climb past its highest levels ever, destroying crops and road networks, disaster officials in Namibia and Zambia have warned that food security could worsen.

Heavy seasonal rains have also caused several smaller rivers to flood, cutting off access, destroying schools and displacing hundreds of thousands of people in Namibia, Zambia and Angola, while raising the threat of outbreaks of diseases like malaria and cholera.

"We are already struggling with low food stocks - the floods will affect our food production for the coming season," said Dominicano Mulenga, national coordinator of Zambia's Disaster Management and Mitigation Unit (DMMU).

Flooding has affected 15 districts so far, mostly in Western and North Western provinces, and has completely cut off at least one district, Shang'ombo, in Western Province. "We are trying to find ways to get food and essential supplies into the district," said Mulenga.

"Water levels in the Zambezi in Western Province have crossed the second highest level ever recorded since 1969." The DMMU team is conducting assessments of the damage to crops. Flooding has already caused an estimated $5 million worth of damage to infrastructure in Zambia, according to Mulenga.

Rains continue

Heavy rains have continued to pound the upper reaches of the Zambezi in western Zambia, southeastern Angola and northeastern Namibia.

The USAID-funded Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) said Zambia's food security situation would be of great concern until April, due to possible shortages of maize grain and meal on local markets.

Guido van Langenhove, a hydrologist at the Namibian Ministry of Agriculture, warned that "The situation in Namibia, which has experienced its worst flooding in recent times, is likely to get worse in the northeast."

Worst floods in decades

In northeastern Namibia the Zambezi has risen above its highest recorded level because the rains have persisted longer than usual as a result of the lingering effect of the climate phenomenon, La Niña, Langenhove said.

The worst floods to hit Namibia in four decades have claimed 92 lives and could affect the food security of at least 500,000 people, mainly subsistence farmers in the flood-affected regions in the north, according to Dorkas Kapembe-Haiduwa, secretary of the Namibia Red Cross.

The Kavango and Caprivi regions along the northern border are among the areas hardest hit.

According to reports from the Namibia Meteorological Services department, the northern central areas of the Namibia recorded more than 200 percent of their normal monthly total for February 2009.

The Regional Remote Sensing Unit of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) warned that problems could still be experienced in the low-lying areas of Caprivi, especially along the Zambezi, because of the much higher than average rains experienced in the first half of March. Namibia's Emergency Management Unit said assessments were being conducted.

The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies has appealed for US$1.27million to fund its relief operations in Namibia. Kapembe-Haiduwa said there was concern that the incidence of malaria, which is endemic in the flood-affected region, could rise.

Not a threat elsewhere

According to the SADC team, the rainfall season is drawing to a close and the Kariba Dam in Zimbabwe, and Cahora Bassa in Mozambique, were likely to absorb most of the floodwater from the upper Zambezi, "which would be a relief to Zimbabwe, Angola and Mozambique, but not to us", said Langenhove.

The Zambezi River rises in the Kalene Hills of northwestern Zambia and flows northwards for about 30km before turning west and south to run through Angola for about 280km and then re-enters Zambia, flowing southwards through marshy plains. In southwestern Zambia the river becomes the border between Zambia and the eastern Caprivi Strip of Namibia for about 130km.

An estimated 285,000 people were affected and 29 ( 29 ) were killed in the Zambezi River basin in 2007, during the worst floods to hit the country in six years.

jk/he

[END] A selection of IRIN reports are posted on ReliefWeb. Find more IRIN news and analysis at http://www.irinnews.org

Une sélection d'articles d'IRIN sont publiés sur ReliefWeb. Trouvez d'autres articles et analyses d'IRIN sur http://www.irinnews.org

This article does not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations or its agencies. Refer to the IRIN copyright page for conditions of use.

Cet article ne reflète pas nécessairement les vues des Nations Unies. Voir IRIN droits d'auteur pour les conditions d'utilisation."

Thursday, March 19, 2009

led to the return of more than 180,000 Congolese refugees

TO BE NOTED: From UNHCR:

New brick houses dot Sebele village, where Amina lives. © UNHCR/F.Fontanini
UNHCR News Stories

UNHCR shelter programme in South Kivu needs fresh funding

BARAKA, Democratic Republic of the Congo, March 18 (UNHCR) – Pressure to provide new housing in South Kivu is mounting as more and more people return to the relatively peaceful and stable province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). But the ability of agency's such as UNHCR to keep pace with demand will depend on the continuing generosity of donors.

"The absence of adequate housing is one of the biggest challenges refugees face upon their return to South Kivu. After years of absence, most find their homes destroyed and have nowhere to stay," Sebastien Apatita, head of the UN refugee agency's office in Baraka, explained during a recent visit.

Most of the refugees returning to South Kivu come from camps across Lake Tanganyika in Tanzania. Last year, the agency funded the construction of some 500 shelters in the province's Uvira and Fizi districts to accommodate some 2,500 of the more than 14,500 returnees it helped back home, mostly via this lakeside port.

Over the next two years, with thousands more refugees expected back, UNHCR hopes to provide the resources to build 1,500 more houses in Uvira and Fizi for the most vulnerable families. But this ambitious target will depend on receiving sufficient funding during a time of economic recession.

"It's a very critical situation," said UNHCR Regional Representative Mohamed Boukry. "Unless we receive contributions, we will have no choice but to reduce this important assistance to thousands of Congolese refugees coming back home from Tanzania," he added.

UNHCR does not construct the new brick houses and shelters in South Kivu, but provides the materials and tools. This includes corrugated iron sheets for roofing, pre-made doors and windows, nails, axes, hammers and the like. The families then build their own houses.

Those who might find it difficult or impossible to build their own homes, including single women, the elderly and the ill, get help from the community. Amina,* a single mother of four, did not know what to make of the shelter kit she received from UNHCR after being ferried across the lake to Baraka.

"I did not how to use it, but then – thanks to help of my brothers and sisters – we succeed in building a house," she proudly told visitors in the village of Sebele, located a few kilometres from Baraka. UNHCR and its partners follow up to make sure that the shelter kits have been used properly.

"It is a miracle to come home with almost nothing and almost immediately to have a house after spending more than 10 years in a tent in a refugee camp," Amina enthused.

The beneficiaries of the programme are identified by members of the community with advice from UNHCR and the government's National Commission for Refugees.

Years of devastating civil war in the DRC formally ended in 2003, with a peace treaty. While human rights abuses continue to be recorded in South Kivu, the province has largely remained peaceful in recent years, unlike neighbouring North Kivu province, where conflict continues to displace people.

The relative improvements in security in South Kivu, Equateur and Katanga provinces has led to the return of more than 180,000 Congolese refugees, mainly from Tanzania, the Republic of Congo and Zambia, since UNHCR repatriation operations started in 2005. This year, UNHCR plans to help home about 35,000 Congolese from Tanzania and Zambia.

* Name changed for protection reasons

By Francesca Fontanini in Baraka, Democratic Republic of the Congo"

Sunday, January 11, 2009

Someone appeals for bolder regional action, saying: "Please SADC take our problems seriously, don't neglect us."

From Africa Can...End Poverty:

"
Letter from Zimbabwe
I received this missive from a friend:
December 11, 2008
Harare, 1.00am
It is just after midnight in Harare. I have just returned from a midnight tour of the ATMs in Harare with a cousin. There are queues of people still waiting to get their weekly cash withdrawal limit of $100,000,000,000 (US$2.50). I saw the queues this morning when I went for my first meeting at 7.45am. I did not know then that I would be seeing them throughout the day. Most of the ATMs had run out of money. Rather than go home, people saved their precious place in the lines by lying down where they stood and taking a nap. Covering themselves with sacks, newspapers and whatever warming clothing they had. Those ATMs that were still paying out cash had queues of policemen and soldiers. I dared not pull out my camera then( YIKES ). When I did pull out my camera, it was of people too tired to care. Needless to say, picture quality from a moving car using a micro camera is not the best. This is not a normal interpretation of 24-hour banking; seven days a week.
Three hours earlier, I had gone to one of the cholera infected areas where my aunt lives. I had not intended to stay long. It is a way out of town and I did not want her worrying about my safety getting back into the city. There was a power outage from 6 p.m. and it had taken us two hours to find a house I last visited 20 years ago as a boy. But I did ask how she was coping in Harare; and to her nephew she poured her heart out. No clean water for weeks on end, no food in the shops and constant power cuts. She drives an hour and half across the township in search of clean drinking water, which she brings back in plastic containers. When the city council water does run through the taps in the house, the water is discolored with sewer water. The shops in the neighborhood are empty of basic necessities including mealie meal. Her husband now lives at their farm in another town so that he can plant, guard and harvest the maize that they will live on next year. There are groceries in some shops in the city, but they are sold in US$ and priced beyond her means. I am glad I brought her a suitcase of groceries. Groceries that, 20 years ago, my parents once drove from Lusaka to Harare to buy when Zambia was going through similar madness in the 1980s.( UNREAL )
December 12, 2008
Today the Reserve Bank increased the cash withdrawal limit from $100,000,000 to $200,000,000 (US$4). It also introduced two higher-denomination notes, $200,000,000 and $500,000,000. As expected there was a mad rush to withdraw and spend the cash before it loses value( A RUN OF ANY KIND IS SERIOUS. HERE, IT CAN BE LIFE OR DEATH. ). It is widely expected that retailers will increase their prices in line with the higher withdrawal limits. There were long (and I mean l…l…o…o…n…n…g…g) queues at every single working ATM. Offices were abandoned. I took pictures of the lines outside Barclays bank by walking to the first floor offices of government labor department. In a large pool office with at least 20 desks there was a lone clerk who looked up at me for all of two seconds. As I walked across the room to the window facing the bank, the files lay unattended on people’s desks…probably untouched for weeks. With civil service wages eroded by hyperinflation, people necessarily spend more time in the parallel economy trying to make ends meet. Interestingly, there are no runs on banks. The value of the withdrawals is so meaningless that the banks will be able to meet depositor demands with ease.( I GUESS THIS IS A WAY TO END RUNS. )
More from the Zimbabwean:

"The Media Monitoring Project of Zimbabwe (MMPZ) is an independent Trust that works to promote freedom of expression and responsible journalism in Zimbabwe.
MMPZ notes with disappointment the punitive US-dollar-denominated fees to be paid by foreign correspondents and news agencies operating in Zimbabwe for applications, accreditation and registration to practice their profession, as reported in the January 6 issue of The Herald. This new fees structure, published pursuant to the provisions of the draconian Access to Information and Protection of Privacy Act, clearly represents an intensification of the Zimbabwean authorities’ sustained campaign to block access to the foreign media seeking to cover the Zimbabwean story, thus depriving Zimbabweans (and the world community) of a variety of alternative sources of information to the output of the government-controlled media( THIS MUST BE PUBLICIZED. ). In fact, MMPZ believes that all such registration and licensing regulations that exist under the Act constitute a clear violation of regionally and internationally recognised guarantees safeguarding freedom of expression and of the media and should be condemned( YES ). Such regulation of the media and prohibitive fees structures also contravene the spirit of the global political agreement signed on 15th September 2008. ( YES )
MMPZ therefore calls on the Zimbabwean authorities to immediately revise any fees charged for the registration of any journalist or media organisation to no more than a token administrative cost.
Most importantly, MMPZ urges any new government to commit itself to the following:
• Ensure that any media activity is not rendered dependent upon any form of statutory registration or admission and that mechanisms promoting media self-regulation are created and strengthened;

• Encourage a diverse and independent print and electronic media, including foreign media;

• Repeal of the Access to Information and Protection of Privacy Act as a matter of urgency, and remove all those clauses in the Broadcasting Services Act, Public Order and Security Act, and all other pieces of legislation that hinder the right to seek, receive and impart information and ideas without hindrance, as guaranteed under Zimbabwe’s Constitution and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Such repressive laws have no legitimate purpose and are not necessary in a democratic society."( ABSOLUTELY )

And here:


"HARARE, Zimbabwe - Opposition members accused of being involved in a bomb plot in Zimbabwe told a court Thursday that they were tortured into making false confessions( THIS IS HOW TORTURE REALLY WORKS ). The allegations were made a day after the seven were formally charged with terrorism, banditry and insurgency. All pleaded not guilty. They face the death penalty if convicted.( UNREAL )

The seven are among a number of rights activists and opposition party members detained in recent weeks in what the opposition calls a crackdown on dissent.( IT HAPPENS EVERY TIME )

In a separate case, another group of detainees has been accused - but so far not formally charged - of attempting to recruit fighters to train in neighboring Botswana to overthrow President Robert Mugabe.( EVERY TIME )

The arrests have raised tensions in Zimbabwe, where Mugabe and the opposition are locked in a long dispute over allocation of cabinet posts under the power-sharing agreement, seen as the best chance of easing a deep economic crisis.

Morgan Tsvangirai has threatened to pull his Movement for Democratic Change party out of negotiations over the issue. Many of the activists in custody are MDC members and the party has said they were abducted.

Tsvangirai won the first round of voting in March elections, but fell short of the majority needed to become president, triggering a run-off which Mugabe won after the MDC leader pulled out, citing violent attacks on his supporters. - msnbc.msn.com"

And here:

"CIVIL society organisations in SA are to press the government and the Southern African Development Community (SADC) to hasten resolution of the crisis in Zimbabwe.( PLEASE )


Helping to co-ordinate the campaign, expected to start in the next 10 days, is Kumi Naidoo, honorary president of the global alliance for citizen participation, Civicus.

Naidoo said Archbishop Emeritus Desmond Tutu had committed himself to a weekly fast, together with Bishop Paul Verryn of the Central Methodist Church. Tutu is a member of the Elders, whose delegation was denied entry into Zimbabwe late last year.( A GREAT MAN )

"We need to up the ante a bit in terms of the types of activities that put pressure on the government," said Naidoo, who is also co-chair of the Global Call to Action Against Poverty.

Together with Pastor Raymond Motsi of the Bulawayo Baptist Church, Naidoo has committed himself to a hunger strike.

The planned campaign is expected to impress upon the continent, as well as South African society, including members of the African National Congress, the wider implications of the crisis in Zimbabwe.( PLEASE )

Naidoo was part of a delegation that spent Christmas in Zimbabwe where he met scores of Zimbabweans and compiled some of the testimonies into a film, Time 2 Act . Copies of the film will be given to President Kgalema Motlanthe, to other SADC heads of state and to the African Union .

In the film are descriptions of the humanitarian crisis. For instance, a woman speaks of overcrowding in the mortuaries, which has pushed the cost to $300 a body. Someone appeals for bolder regional action, saying: "Please SADC take our problems seriously, don't neglect us."

Naidoo said many of those interviewed could not understand SA's position on Zimbabwe, especially its stance at the United Nations Security Council, where it voted against tougher action on the authorities in Zimbabwe( IT'S NOT ISRAEL ).( A DISGRACE )

"Overall we were struck by how much worse it (the Zimbabwe situation) actually was in terms of the humanitarian crisis and on the political repression again significantly worse."( EVERY DAY IT GETS WORSE )

The team found a breakdown in the school system. Garbage collection had also come to a standstill in the major centres, further contributing to the cholera outbreak.

Even respect for the dead had gone. "One of the mortuaries was closed while we were there and what it means is that families have to put some sand inside the house, put some water in that sand and put the (deceased) family member there," Naidoo said. - businessday.co.za"

This is another disgrace that we allow to happen through simple indifference.